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PROBLEMS OF MODERN ECONOMICS, N 4 (76), 2020
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Doan Thi Mai
PhD student, St. Petersburg State University

Health insurance system in Vietnam: specificities of its development
(Russia, St. Petersburg)
The key aspect in the development of the social insurance system in Vietnam is accessibility of health care to all layers of population and formation of the mechanism that facilitates it. This mechanism is implemented through health insurance, both in its voluntary and mandatory forms. The article distinguishes and discusses specific features of the health insurance system in Vietnam: the lack of universal health insurance services, the low level of household income (including the high level of expenses paid by the poorest households for medical services in the absence of mandatory health insurance), resort to traditional oriental medicine alongside with official medicine, and the presence of foreign donor aid. Specificities described can help both the state organs and private insurance companies in determining directions of further development of the health care system in the country.
Key words: mandatory health insurance, private health insurance, health insurance system, Vietnam
Pages: 144 - 149



Литература
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4. Matsushima M. Yamada H., Shimamura Y. (2020). Analysis on demand — and supply-side responses during the expansion of health insurance coverage in Vietnam: Challenges and policy implications toward universal health coverage. Review of Development Economics Volume 24, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 144–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12627 [Accessed 1 October 2020].
5. Universal Health Coverage in Viet Nam. World Health Organization, 24 January 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/vietnam/healthtopics/universal-health-coverage. [Accessed 23 September 2020]
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7. Зайцев Ю.К. Оценка воздействия многосторонних механизмов помощи на социально-экономическое развитие Вьетнама //Вестник МГИМО. — 2012. — №2. — C. 83–91. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-vozdeystviya-mnogostoronnih-mehanizmov-pomoschi-na-sotsialno-ekonomicheskoe-razvitie-vietnama (дата обращения: 20.10.2020).
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9. Nguyen, L.T., Kaptchuk, T.J., Davis, R.B., Nguyen, G., Pham, V., Tringale, S.M., Loh, Y. L., & Gardiner, P. (2016). The Use of Traditional Vietnamese Medicine Among Vietnamese Immigrants Attending an Urban Community Health Center in the United States. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 22(2), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2014.0209 [Accessed 23 September 2020]
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Сноски 
1 Всеобщий охват услугами здравоохранения (ВОУЗ) — инициатива ООН. ВОУЗ означает, что все люди и сообщества получают необходимые им медико-санитарные услуги, не испытывая при этом финансовых трудностей. Эти услуги включают полный набор основных качественных медико-санитарных услуг — от укрепления здоровья до профилактики, лечения, реабилитации и паллиативной помощи. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/universal-health-coverage-(uhc)
2 Дой Мой (вьетн. Đổi Mới «политика обновления»; англ. Innovation) — комплексная программа реформ в экономической, политической, социальной и культурных сферах, инициированная Коммунистической Партией Вьетнама. Официально принята на 6-м съезде Коммунистической Партии Вьетнама в декабре 1986 года. В узком смысле, политика Дой Мой (вьетн. Chính sách Đổi Mới) — название, данное лишь экономическим реформам, целью которых является создание «социалистической рыночной экономики», то есть переход Вьетнама из командной экономики в рыночную экономику, ориентированную на социализм. Однако, эти экономические реформы проходят параллельно с «обновлением» таких сфер как политика, образование, культура и т. д., в связи с чем понятие Дой Мой приобретает более широкое значение.
3 http://www.hyno.ru/country/54.html
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5 Декрет 47/CP 06/06/1994 «О внесении изменений в ряд статей Положения о медицинском страховании» обнародованного в соответствии с постановлением Совета Министров № 299-HDBT от 15 августа 1992 г.» https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=48397
6 Официальный сайт Международной организации Труда (МОТ) https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=51010
7 https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5008
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12 Nguyen X. Thanh, Bach X. Tran, Arianna Waye, Christa Harstall et all (2014). Socialization of Health Care in Vietnam: What Is It and What Are Its Pros and Cons? Value in Health Regional Issues, Volume 3, May 2014, Pages 24–26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2013.09.006 [Accessed 1 October 2020].
13 В рамках развития Индустрии 4.0 Вьетнам старается достичь более широких социально-экономических целей, таких как сокращение бедности и безработицы, повышение производительности труда и улучшение грамотности населения.
14 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
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16 Matsushima, M. Yamada, H., Shimamura, Y. Analysis on demand- and supply-side responses during the expansion of health insurance coverage in Vietnam: Challenges and policy implications toward universal health coverage. Review of Development Economics Volume 24, Issue 1, 1 February 2020, Pages 144–166.
17 Universal Health Coverage in Viet Nam. World Health Organization, 24 January 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/vietnam/healthtopics/universal-health-coverage. [Accessed 23 September 2020]
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19 The power of Self-care in Achieving Health for all (2020). https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/vn/pdf/publication/2020/8/The-Power-of-Self-Care-in-Achieving-Health-for-All.pdf [Accessed 3 October 2020].
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21 Зайцев Ю. К. Оценка воздействия многосторонних механизмов помощи на социально-экономическое развитие Вьетнама //Вестник МГИМО. 2012. №2. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-vozdeystviya-mnogostoronnih-mehanizmov-pomoschi-na-sotsialno-ekonomicheskoe-razvitie-vietnama (дата обращения: 20.10.2020).
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25 Development Aid at a Glance Statistics By Region, 2019. https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/Asia-Development-Aid-at-a-Glance-2019.pdf
26 Long T. Nguyen, Ted J. Kaptchuk, Roger B. Davis, Giac Nguyen, Van Pham, Stephen M. Tringale, Yen Lin Loh, Paula Gardiner (2016). Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2016 Feb 1. 22(2): 145–153. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0209 [Accessed 23 September 2020]
27 Adorisio S., Fierabracci A., Rossetto A., Muscari I., Nardicchie V., Liberati Anna M., RiccardiC., Tran Van Sung, Trinh Thy Thuyg and Delfino Domenico V. (2016) Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine in Vietnamese Populations: A Review of Health Perceptions and Therapies. Natural Product Communications. 2016, Vol. 11 No. 9 1409–1416. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1934578X1601100949 [Accessed 23 September 2020]
28 Pham D.D., Yoo J.H., Tran BQ., Ta T.T. (2013). Complementary and alternative medicine use among physicians in oriental medicine hospitals in Vietnam: a hospital-based survey. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 392191 [Accessed 23 September 2020]
29 Liu Q.X., Dai M. (2012). Medical exchanges between China and Vietnam during the Song, Jin and Yuan Periods. Zhonghua yi shi za zhi, 42, 18–20.
30 Dung T.N., Bodeker G. (2001). Tue Tinh: founder of Vietnamese traditional medicine. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2001, 7, pp.401–403.
31 Trung T. Nguyen, Quang N. Nguyen (2020). Awareness Practices, and Demands of Traditional Medicine Providers for Continuous Medical Education in District Hospitals of Vietnam. Evidence Based Complement Alternative Medicine. doi: 10.1155/2020/9852969 [Accessed 11 September 2020]
32 Tran B.X., Nguyen N.K., Nguyen L.P., Nguyen C.T., Nong V.M., Nguyen L.H. (2016). Preference and willingness to pay for traditional medicine services in rural ethnic minority community in Vietnam. BMC Complement Alternantive Medicine. 2016. Feb 3.16:48. doi: 10.1186/s12906–016–1010–7 [Accessed 19 October 2020]
33 Wagstaff A., Neelsen S., (2020). A Comprehensive Assessment of Universal Health Coverage in 111 Countries: a Retrospective Observational Study, Global Health, Volume 8, Issue 1, E39-E49, January 01, 2020.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214–109X(19)30463–2 [Accessed 23 September 2020]
34 Ladinsky J. L., Volk N. D., and Robinson M., (1982).The influence of traditional medicine in shaping medical care practices in Vietnam today. Social Science & Medicine, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 1105–1110, 1982.
35 Decision No.1893/QD-TTg Promulgating the Program for Developing Traditional Medicine in Combination with Modern Medicine up to 2030, Vietnam Government, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2019.
36 Department of Traditional Medicine VPA, Human Resources Report for Traditional Medicine, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.
37 WHO Global Report On Traditional And Complementary Medicine, 2019. https://www.who.int/traditional-complementary-integrative-medicine/WhoGlobalReportOnTraditionalAndComplementaryMedicine2019.pdf?ua=1[Accessed 23 September 2020]
38 Отметим, что традиционная медицина не всегда эффективна при серьезных заболеваниях, сложных воспалительных процессах, тяжелых травмах, и тогда на помощь приходит развитая западная медицина с использованием новейшего оборудования и современных лекарственных средств.

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